Some cucumbers do great in pots! Just check the seed packet or the tag if you're buying starts.
Cucumbers are harder to grow than tomatoes, IMO. But they're so worth it.
I only plant a few cucumber plants simply because I don't have good luck with them. I'm starting to only plant things that do super well and give me high yields. I used to enjoy trying to coax the fussier things or ones that just don't thrive in my area but I'm over that.
So many things can be grown in pots. Even beets!